A Swarming Approach for the Novel Second Order Perturbed Pantograph Lane–Emden Model Arising in Astrophysics

The purpose of this study is to provide a mathematical construction based on the novel singular perturbed model second kind (NSPM-SK) using standard form Lane–Emden. Lane–Emden types models have abundant applications in astrophysics. inclusive features are provided perturbed, pantograph, point together and shape factor NSPM-SK. These become more complicated by these factors through artificial neural networks (ANNs) with optimization procedures swarming particle swarm (PSO) paradigms local sequential quadratic programming (SQP). An objective function differential NSPM-SK then performed hybridization PSOSQP. exactness attained solve three different variations overlapping obtained true results. stability, robustness, convergence designed numerical approach perceived statistical performances ANNs PSOSQP for 30 independent executions.